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Whitmarsh, D.; Voit, E. O.; Balthis, W. L.; Holser, R. A. |
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A spreadsheet model of renewable resource exploitation – Hierarchical Monte Carlo modeling with S-distributions: Concepts and illustrative analysis of mercury contamination in king mackerel |
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1991 |
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Renewable-resources; Mathematical-models; Natural-resources; Economics-; Dynamic-analysis, Environmental-economics, Monte-Carlo-method; simulation-; numerical-analysis; mercury-; bioaccumulation-; fish-; quantitative-analysis; statistical-models; data-processing; pollution-effects; mathematical-models; scomberomorus-cavalla, S-distributions |
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Zusammenfassung |
Increasing numbers of students now study natural resource and environmental economics at undergraduate level, and this interest in the subject has been matched by a corresponding expansion in the number of textbooks and other learning material available for use. Unfortunately one very important aspect of natural resource economics which is often not adequately dealt with in the undergraduate literature concerns the question of dynamics: how rapidly will a resource become exploited, and what time path will it follow? These issues are particularly relevant to the management of renewable resources such as fish stocks whose survival depends on factors such as the rate of entry and exit by the exploiting firms, and the ability of the resource to recover from the effects of intense harvesting. The fault of most textbooks stems not from a failure to cover the question of dynamics, but rather that the treatment is often too advanced or mathematical for the majority of students. Computers can make a useful contribution to our understanding of the dynamics of natural resource exploitation, and in this example the case of marine commercial fishery exploited under 'open-access' conditions is considered. The quantitative assessment of environmental contaminants is a complex process. It involves nonlinear models and the characterization of variables, factors, and parameters that are distributed and dependent each other. Assessments based on point estimates are easy to perform, but since they are unreliable, Monte Carlo simulations have become a standard procedure. Simulations pose two challenges: They require the numerical characterization of parameter distributions and they do not account for dependencies between parameters. This paper offers strategies for dealing with both challenges. The first part discusses the characterization of data with the S-distribution. This distribution offers several advantages, which include simplicity of numerical analysis, flexibility in shape, and easy computation of quantiles. The second part outlines how the S-distribution can be used for hierarchical Monte Carlo simulations. In these simulations the selection of parameter values occurs sequentially, and each choice depends on the parameter values selected before. The method is illustrated with preliminary simulation analyses that are concerned with mercury contamination in king mackerel (Scomberomorus cavalla). It is demonstrated that the results of such hierarchical simulations are generally different from those of traditional Monte Carlo simulations. |
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1809 |
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Historische Entwicklung der aquatischen Lebensgemeinschaft (Zoobenthos und Fischfauna) im deutschen Abschnitt der Elbe |
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1994 |
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173 |
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Renaturierung,Gewässersanierung, Fisch, Elbe |
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Bundesanstalt fuer Gewaesserkunde, Koblenz (Selbstverlag) |
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Koblenz |
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33 |
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Busch, W.; Kreymann, H. |
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Die Issel und ihre Fischfauna: Erkundungen an einem Fliessgewässer in Nordrhein-Westfalen |
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1993 |
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162 |
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Renaturierung, Fisch, Vorkommen, Arteninventar |
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Boss-Verlag |
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Kleve |
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3-89413-998-6 |
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295 |
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Bless, R. |
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Zur Regeneration von Bächen der Agrarlandschaft-Eine ichtyologische Fallstudie |
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1985 |
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26 |
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80 |
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Regeneration, Agrarlandschaft, Fisch |
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Schriftenreihe für Landschaftspflege und Naturschutz |
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dt |
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nein |
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Blank @ cathi @ |
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2650 |
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He, X. |
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Effects of predation on a fish community: A whole lake experiment |
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1990 |
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predation-; interspecific-relationships; freshwater-fish; population-dynamics; Esox-lucius; Phoninus-eos; Lepomis-; Semotilus-atromaculatus; freshwater-ecology |
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Studies of predator-prey interactions have been limited to laboratories or relatively small scale field experiments because of logistic difficulties in large scale field experiments. Much evidence has suggested that predictions based on small scale experiments on predator-prey interactions may not be simply extended to large scales, e.g. whole system. This study was designed to examine predation effects on a prey fish assemblage at the whole lake scale. After a year of premanipulation study, northern pike (Esox lucius) were introduced into a small piscivore-free lake inhabited by 14 species of fishes. In the third and fourth years, the lake was divided by a large mesh fence and northern pike were introduced into one half of the lake. Predation effects on individual prey population were estimated for both direct effects (i.e., consumption of prey species) and indirect effects, including habitat changes associated with predator avoidance behavior, increase of emigration rates and changes of population size structure. The relative importance of direct versus indirect effects was examined using randomized intervention analysis along with a model that quantifies the indirect effects. Decreases of prey fish biomass due to increased emigration was at least as great as that due to the direct effect of consumption when prey biomass was high (>40 kg/ha) but not when prey biomass was low (<30 kg/ha). Significant indirect effects included dramatically decreased abundance of the dominant species (northern redbelly dace, Phoxinus eos), increase of some rare species (sunfish, Lepomis spp. and creek chub, Semotilus atromaculatus), and decreased mean sizes of redbelly dace. Indirect effects occurred rapidly and were most apparent immediately following the introduction of northern pike. Community responses to northern pike predation included changes of species composition, species diversity and community stabilities. The fish communities were significantly different among the pre-pike period, pike period and post-pike period. The greatest variance was related to abundances of redbelly dace and sunfish. However, predation effects on the prey fish community depended on the observational scales used to determine community structure. (DBO) |
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628 |
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Lemcke, R. |
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Untersuchungen zur Populationsökologie des Bachneunauges, Lampetra planeri Bloch 1784, und des Flussneunauges Lampetra fluviatilis Linnaeus 1758 |
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1999 |
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135 |
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Population, Ökologie, Bachneunauge, Lampetra planeri, Flussneunauge, Lampetra fluviatilis, Neunauge |
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Dissertation |
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Shaker Verlag Aachen |
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Aachen |
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de |
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Blank @ cathi @ |
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2659 |
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Leshkevich, G. A. |
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Titel |
Great Lakes CoastWatch program update |
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1995 |
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North-America,-Great-Lakes; monitoring-; decision-making; satellite-technology; coastal-waters; ecosystems-; data-transmission; environmental-monitoring; satellite-sensing |
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As the CoastWatch regional node for the Great Lakes, the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) is working to obtain and/or develop and deliver environmental data and products for near real-time monitoring of the Great Lakes to support environmental science and decision making. In support of this goal, GLERL is providing access to near real-time and retrospective satellite observations and in-situ data for the Great Lakes to Federal, state, and local agencies and academic institutions. There are currently nearly 40 regional CoastWatch users. The goals and objectives of the Great Lakes CoastWatch Program directly support agency statutory responsibilities in estuarine and marine science, living marine resource protection, and ecosystem monitoring and management. GLERL is currently receiving an enhanced digital image product suite of 26 images including satellite derived surface-temperature, visible and near-infrared reflectance, brightness temperatures, satellite and solar zenith angle data, and cloud masks from the NOAA-12 satellite. These products are downloaded from the NOAA Ocean Products Center (OPC) via INTERNET on a daily basis and archived at GLERL. Over 32,000 image products have been received and archived since becoming the Great Lakes CoastWatch Node in 1990. GOES-8 data is also currently being received. |
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1005 |
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Beyer, Katrin |
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Laichwanderung und Laichverhalten des Meerneunauges Petromyzon marinus LINNAEUS, 1785 im Ilmenau-/Luhesystem |
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2001 |
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Neunauge, Wanderung, Meerneunauge, Petromyzon marinus, Fortpflanzung |
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Technische Universität Braunschweig |
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Braunschweig |
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Literaturverzeichnis bearbeitet |
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ja |
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2657 |
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Kirchhofer, Arthur |
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Biologie, Gefährdung und Schutz der Neunaugen in der Schweiz |
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1996 |
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51 |
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Neunauge, Meerneunauge, Petromyzon marinus, Flussneunauge, Lampetra fluviatilis, Bachneunauge, Lampetra planeri, Vorkommen, Biologie, Kartierung, Gefährdung, Renaturierung |
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Bundesamt für Umwelt, Wald und Landschaft (BUWAL) |
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Bern |
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de, fr, it |
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Mitteilungen zur Fischerei |
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ja |
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2747 |
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Appenzeller, Alfred |
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Titel |
Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Nahrungsselektion des Sandfelchens (Coregonus pidschian fera Jurine) |
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1983 |
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91 |
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Nahrung, Selektion, Fisch, Sandfelchen |
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Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau |
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Freiburg |
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Blank @ cathi @ |
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2680 |
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